How does cardiovascular exercise primarily improve mental health?

Cardiovascular exercise primarily improves mental health by releasing endorphins, which are neurochemicals produced in the brain that have a positive effect on mood. During aerobic activities like running, cycling, or swimming, the body experiences physiological changes that lead to heightened endorphin levels. This process can create feelings of euphoria and reduce the perception of pain, often referred to as the "runner's high."

Furthermore, the release of endorphins can alleviate symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression, contributing to overall emotional well-being. Engaging in regular cardiovascular exercise can help establish a routine that fosters resilience against mental health challenges, promoting a healthier state of mind.

While other options, such as increasing muscle mass, promoting weight loss, and enhancing diet quality, can have positive impacts on overall health and may indirectly benefit mental health, they do not directly correlate to the immediate improvements in mood and mental well-being that are associated with the release of endorphins during cardiovascular activities.